The Power of Ancestors in Shamanic Mythology

The world of shamanism is a rich and diverse one, full of ancient wisdom and spiritual practices passed down through generations. Central to many shamanic beliefs is a deep reverence for the ancestors, who are viewed as essential parts of the divine tapestry of life. In this article, we’ll explore the role of ancestors in shamanic mythology, examining the ways in which they are seen as guardians, guides, and sources of healing and transformation. We’ll also delve into how to connect with your own ancestors, and how to work with them in your own shamanic practices. So if you’re interested in learning more about the power of ancestral connection in shamanic spirituality, read on!

The Ancestral Connection

The ancestral connection is the bond between oneself and their ancestors, whether they are blood relatives or not. In shamanic practice, ancestors are viewed as wise guides and powerful spirits who can offer guidance, protection, and healing. It is believed that our ancestors continue to watch over us even after death, and that we can communicate with them through shamanic practices such as journeying and ceremony.

This connection is also seen in the belief that we are all connected to a World Tree, which represents all living things and all the generations that have come before and will come after us. Our ancestors are a part of this tree, and by connecting with them, we can tap into their wisdom and strength.

An important aspect of the ancestral connection is acknowledging and honoring our ancestors, especially those who have passed on. In many cultures, it is believed that when we honor our ancestors and keep their memory alive, we are keeping a piece of them with us and strengthening our connection to them. This can be done through practices such as ancestor altars, offerings, and ritual.

The ancestral connection plays a crucial role in shamanic practice and mythology, as it provides a link to our past and helps us navigate the present with the support of those who came before us. By acknowledging and tapping into this connection, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves, our heritage, and the world around us.

The Ancestors’ Role in Shamanic Practice

Shamanic practice often involves connecting with the spirits of those who have passed away. Known as ancestors, these spirits hold great significance in shamanism and have a vital role to play in the shamanic journey.

Ancestors are believed to have a unique perspective that is not bound by the material world. They are seen as wise and powerful spirits who can offer guidance, protection and healing for the living. By calling on them, shamans hope to tap into this wisdom and receive their assistance during ceremonies and rituals.

In shamanic practice, ancestors are often seen as gatekeepers who can open up pathways to the other realms and protect the shaman from negative energies. They are also believed to have the ability to teach valuable lessons and share knowledge that has been passed down through generations. Shamans also work with ancestors for emotional and physical healing purposes.

Connecting with ancestors is often done through shamanic journeying. During a journey, the shaman enters into an altered state of consciousness and travels to the spirit realm to connect with the ancestors. This can be achieved through the use of various shamanic tools such as rattles, drums, and trance-inducing substances.

Once the ancestors have been contacted, shamans seek their guidance and ask for their help in various aspects of their lives. Shamans may seek their ancestors’ help for spiritual protection, guidance on important decisions, emotional healing, and physical healing.

Ancestors can also help reveal patterns of trauma or pain that may have been passed down through generations. By identifying these patterns, the shaman can work to heal ancestral wounds and bring about healing for the living.

The ancestors’ role in shamanic practice is essential. They offer guidance, protection, and healing, and help the living to connect with a deeper sense of self and to the world around them. Anchor text – shamanic animal spirits.

Decipher the Riddles of Your Dreams: Select a Tarot Card and Unveil Their Hidden Meanings!

The Importance of Ancestors in Shamanic Mythology

Shamanic mythology is a rich tapestry of ancient stories, legends and myths, passed down from generation to generation. It is a mythology built on the foundation of connection to the natural world, including the spirit world and the world of the ancestors. Ancestor veneration is a crucial part of shamanic mythology, playing an important role in the traditions and practices of many cultures around the world.

Guardians and Gatekeepers

One of the main roles of ancestors in shamanic mythology is that of protectors. Ancestors are believed to act as guardians and gatekeepers, guiding and protecting the living from malevolent spirits and other negative energies. In this way, the ancestors are seen not only as spiritual beings but also as powerful allies who can help shamanic practitioners in many ways.

Wisdom Keepers and Guides

Another important role of ancestors in shamanic mythologies is that of wisdom keepers and guides. Ancestors are believed to possess a wealth of knowledge and experience accrued by their lives, and they can share this knowledge with their descendants. By connecting with their ancestors, shamanic practitioners can gain insights into their own lives and learn spiritual lessons that have been passed down through the generations.

Healing and Transformational Spirits

Many shamanic practitioners believe that their ancestors can act as healing and transformational spirits, helping those in need of healing or guidance. Through shamanic practices such as journeying, practitioners can connect with their ancestors and ask for their help in healing emotional or physical wounds or resolving current life issues.

The importance of ancestors in shamanic mythology cannot be overstated. They offer shamanic practitioners guidance, protection, and healing, and provide a connection to the spiritual realm that is crucial to the practice of shamanism. Through ancestral connection, shamanic practitioners can connect to their roots, gain a deeper understanding of their own lives, and maintain a deep connection to the natural world.

Guardians and Gatekeepers

In many shamanic traditions, ancestors are believed to serve as guardians and gatekeepers for the living. They are thought to protect and watch over their descendants, both as individuals and as a community. They may act as intermediaries between the living and the spirit world, allowing only those with pure intentions to make contact with the divine.

Ancestral guardians can also serve as protectors of sacred knowledge and traditions, ensuring that they are passed down and maintained through the generations. They may even be called upon to assist with specific tasks or rituals, acting as spiritual allies and guides.

In some shamanic cultures, ancestors are believed to occupy a specific spiritual realm, separate from the world of the living. This realm may be accessed through ritual practices such as meditation, trance, or various physical implements. A shaman may seek the assistance of a specific ancestor in performing a particular task, relying on their guidance and protection.

One example of ancestral guardianship in shamanic mythology is the belief among many Native American tribes that ancestors watch over the spirits of the dead, guarding them as they make their way to the afterlife. These ancestors are called upon to aid in healing rituals, to offer protection to the living, and to provide spiritual guidance to those seeking answers.

The role of guardians and gatekeepers in shamanic practice illustrates the importance of maintaining a strong connection to one’s ancestral roots. By acknowledging and honoring the wisdom and guidance of those who have come before us, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the world. This understanding can help us to grow and evolve, both on a personal level and as members of a larger community.

If you’re interested in learning more about the mythological connection between shamanism and the moon, or the use of shamanic plant powers in healing and transformational practices, be sure to check out our other articles on these topics.

Wisdom Keepers and Guides

play a crucial role in shamanic mythology as they assist in guiding and teaching the living. Ancestors, in particular, are often viewed as wise teachers and mentors. They possess knowledge and experiences that have been passed down through generations and are willing to share their wisdom and guidance if approached with respect and humility.

Shamans seek the counsel of these wisdom keepers for answers to life’s most profound questions. The ancestors offer insights into our personal journey, including the purpose of our existence, our unique talents, and the obstacles that we must overcome to realize our true potential. They also provide guidance for navigating the challenges of daily life, offering advice on matters such as relationships, career opportunities, and health.

To connect with your ancestral wisdom keepers and guides, begin by acknowledging their presence. You can do this through prayer, meditation, or shamanic journeying. Next, invite them into your sacred space and ask them to share their wisdom with you. Be open and receptive, paying close attention to any messages or images that come to you during your communication with them.

One way that ancestors can offer guidance is through the use of divination tools such as tarot cards or runes. These tools are often an effective way for wisdom keepers to communicate their messages and offer insights into the past, present, and future.

Another way to connect with ancestral wisdom keepers is by exploring your personal mythology. Your personal mythology is the story of your life that connects you to your ancestors, family, and community. By understanding your personal mythology, you can gain insights into your purpose, values, and beliefs, as well as the lessons that you are here to learn.

Many shamans also seek the guidance of spirit animals in their quest for wisdom and direction. Spirit animals are animal totems that are believed to possess unique qualities and characteristics that can be called upon for guidance and support. Each spirit animal has its own set of teachings and lessons that can offer insight and guidance on your journey.

Wisdom keepers and guides are a vital part of shamanic mythology and practice. Through honoring our ancestors, exploring our personal mythology, and seeking the guidance of spirit animals, we can tap into the wisdom and knowledge of those who have come before us. By doing so, we can gain valuable insights and guidance for navigating the challenges of life and achieving our fullest potential.

Healing and Transformational Spirits

In Shamanic Mythology, Ancestors are not just revered individuals who have passed on, but they are also powerful healing and transformational spirits. Ancestors have knowledge and understanding that can help individuals to heal from physical, emotional, and spiritual ailments. They can also guide individuals along their paths of spiritual growth and development.

Ancestors are often regarded as powerful spiritual mentors, and they play a key role in shamanic healing and transformation. Through shamanic practices, individuals can evoke the powerful spirits of their ancestors and draw on their wisdom and guidance. Many cultures of the world have long believed that the power of the ancestral spirits can bring significant healing and transformation to individuals.

The spirits of the ancestors are often considered to be particularly adept at healing physical and emotional trauma that may have been passed down through generations. Through connecting with ancestral spirits, individuals can gain access to ancient wisdom and knowledge that can help them to address these wounds and move forward in their lives.

Shamanic practitioners often use shamanic journeying to connect with ancestral spirits. This practice involves entering an altered state of consciousness and travelling outside the physical body to access the spiritual world. When journeying, individuals can encounter ancestral spirits and can receive messages, guidance, and insight from them.

In addition to healing physical and emotional wounds, ancestral spirits can also bring transformation and growth. They can help individuals to overcome obstacles and challenges, and can provide guidance on how to achieve spiritual development. By working with the spirits of their ancestors, shamanic practitioners can gain greater insight into their life paths and can take steps toward personal transformation.

Ancestors are revered in shamanism for their power to heal, transform, and guide. Through shamanic practices, individuals can connect with the powerful spirits of their ancestors, gaining access to their wisdom and knowledge. This ancient wisdom can help individuals to heal from wounds that may have been handed down through generations, and can provide guidance on their spiritual paths. By working with ancestral spirits, shamanic practitioners can achieve greater growth, transformation, and healing than they might have ever thought possible.

Decipher the Riddles of Your Dreams: Select a Tarot Card and Unveil Their Hidden Meanings!

How to Connect with Your Ancestors

Connecting with our ancestors is a profound and transformative experience that can bring guidance, healing, and a deep sense of belonging. Below are some steps you can take to connect with your ancestors and invite their presence into your life.

Setting the Intention: The first step in connecting with your ancestors is to set a clear intention. This intention should be specific and heartfelt, such as “I am open to receiving guidance and wisdom from my ancestors” or “I invite my ancestors to guide and protect me”. This intention will serve as a beacon for your ancestral spirits to come closer.

Creating Sacred Space: Creating a sacred space can help to establish a safe and protected space for spiritual connection. This can be as simple as lighting a candle or burning some sage, or as elaborate as setting up an altar with objects and images that represent your ancestors. Be mindful of the energy you bring into this space, and make sure it feels calm, welcoming, and respectful.

Inviting Your Ancestors: Once you have set your intention and created a sacred space, it’s time to invite your ancestors into your awareness. Close your eyes, take some deep breaths, and visualize a ray of light reaching up into the sky, all the way to the heavens. Imagine your ancestors appearing in front of you, welcoming you with open arms. Invite them to come closer and share their wisdom and guidance with you.

Listening to Their Guidance: As you connect with your ancestors, be sure to stay open and receptive to their messages. This can come in many forms, from words and images to subtle sensations or sudden realizations. Trust your intuition and be willing to let go of your own expectations and assumptions. Your ancestors may have a different perspective on your life than you do, and their guidance may challenge you in unexpected ways.

By following these steps, you can establish a deep and meaningful connection with your ancestors and access their powerful guidance and support. Remember that this connection takes time and practice to develop, so be patient and persistent. As you work with your ancestors, you may also want to explore other aspects of shamanic practice, such as the connection between shamanism and the moon or the role of shamanic plants in spiritual healing and transformation.

Setting the Intention

When it comes to connecting with your ancestors in shamanic practice, setting the intention is an essential first step. Intention is the foundation of any shamanic journey, and it is especially important when working with ancestral energies. You must first decide what the purpose of your connection with your ancestors will be, whether that is to seek healing, guidance, or simply to honor their legacy.

To set your intention, you can start by creating a list of questions or issues that you would like to explore with your ancestors. This could include questions about your family history, the legacy that has been passed down to you, or any challenges that you are currently facing in your life.

Once you have a clear sense of your intention, it is important to state it clearly and confidently before starting your shamanic journey. You can do this out loud or silently, but it is important to speak from a place of deep conviction and clarity.

To help you set your intention, you can use tools such as crystals, incense, or candles. You can also create a sacred altar or space where you can center your energy and focus your thoughts. Incorporating elements such as water, earth, fire, and air can also help you connect with the natural world and the energy of your ancestors.

Here is a table summarizing the steps to setting your intention when connecting with your ancestors in shamanic practice:

Remember, setting your intention is just the first step in connecting with your ancestors in shamanic practice. By following these steps and aligning your energy with the energy of your ancestors, you can open yourself up to receive powerful guidance, healing, and transformation.

Creating Sacred Space

Creating Sacred Space is a crucial step in connecting with ancestors in shamanic practice. It helps to establish a safe and protected atmosphere for the spirit realm to enter and communicate with you. Here are some steps to follow when creating sacred space:

1. Start with intention: Begin by setting an intention to connect with your ancestors. This can be done through a prayer or meditation to focus your mind and open your heart to their guidance.

2. Cleanse your space: Before inviting in your ancestors, clear the energy of the space you will be working in. This can be done through smudging with sage or palo santo, or by using sound with bells or chimes.

3. Create an altar: An altar is a physical representation of your intention to connect with your ancestors. It can be as simple or elaborate as you choose, but should include items that hold personal significance or represent your ancestors. Examples include family photos, candles, feathers, or crystals.

4. Call in the directions: In shamanic practice, the directions represent different aspects of nature and spirit. Call upon the spirits of each direction to join you in creating sacred space. For example, call in the spirit of the East for new beginnings and the spirit of the North for wisdom.

5. Use protective symbols: Consider placing protective symbols such as talismans or crystals on your altar or around your space. These can help to ward off negative energy and protect you during

Once you have created sacred space, you can begin the process of invoking your ancestors. Remember to approach this with respect and reverence, and always trust in the guidance that you receive.

Inviting Your Ancestors

Once you have set your intention and created sacred space, it’s time to invite your ancestors to connect with you. To do this, you can use several methods depending on what feels most authentic to you.

One of the most popular ways is through meditation and visualization. You can start by focusing on your breath and imagining roots growing out of your feet and extending deep into the earth. As you feel grounded, visualize a beam of light coming down from the heavens towards you. As the beam of light reaches you, imagine it transforming into a gateway.

Through this gateway, you will invite your ancestors to join you. You can use the names of specific ancestors you wish to connect with, or you can simply invite your ancestors as a whole. Visualize them walking towards you from the gateway and embrace them with open arms.

Another method that is commonly used is through the use of plant medicine. Many shamanic traditions use specific plants in their ceremonies to aid in connecting with the spiritual realm. It’s important to remember that working with plant medicine should only be done under the guidance of an experienced shaman.

No matter which method you choose, remember to approach the process with respect and gratitude for your ancestors. It’s essential to honor them and express your appreciation for their presence in your life. It’s also crucial to listen to what they have to say and be open to receiving their guidance.

Connecting with your ancestors can be a powerful experience that can help facilitate healing, understanding and growth. By inviting your ancestors into your shamanic practice, you strengthen the connection with your lineage and spiritual ancestry, enriching your spiritual path.

Listening to Their Guidance

Once you have invited your ancestors into your sacred space, it’s important to listen to their guidance. This can be done through meditation or journeying. Take some deep breaths and focus on your intention to connect with your ancestors.

Allow any images, messages, or feelings to come through, even if they don’t make immediate sense. Your ancestors may have specific guidance for you, whether it be related to personal matters or your spiritual development.

Remember that their communication may come in various forms, such as dreams, synchronicities, or unexpected encounters. Pay attention to patterns and signs, and trust your intuition when interpreting their messages.

It’s also important to maintain a sense of reverence and gratitude toward your ancestors, even if their guidance is not what you expected or wanted to hear. Their perspective is unique and insightful, and they are invested in your growth and well-being.

In some cases, your ancestors may have messages for you that are related to the larger cosmic cycles and patterns. For example, some shamanic cultures have a deep mythological connection to the moon, which is seen as a guiding force for spiritual development and transformation.

By listening to the guidance of your ancestors, you can tap into this larger mythological web and deepen your understanding of your place in the world. Whether you are seeking personal healing or spiritual growth, your ancestors can offer valuable insights and support on your journey.

Working with Ancestors in Shamanic Practice

Working with ancestors is an essential part of shamanic practice. It can bring profound healing and transformational experiences for those who seek it. Here are some ways to work with your ancestors in shamanic practice.

Healing ancestral trauma is a crucial aspect of shamanic practice. Traumas can be passed down through generations and affect our lives and well-being. In order to heal these traumas, it’s essential to work with our ancestors. By doing so, we can release the negative energy and patterns that have been passed down to us.

Ceremonies are a powerful way to honor our ancestors and connect with their wisdom and guidance. In shamanic practice, ceremonies can include offerings, rituals, and meditations that honor the ancestors’ spirits. It is crucial to show respect and gratitude for their contribution to our lives.

One of the most important reasons to work with our ancestors is to seek their wisdom. Through shamanic journeying, we can connect with our ancestors and seek their guidance. This can help us gain clarity, wisdom, and insight into our lives and the world around us.

Working with ancestors in shamanic practice is an essential aspect of healing and transformation. It allows us to connect with the wisdom of our predecessors, release ancestral traumas, and receive guidance and insight. Honoring and working with our ancestors is a beautiful and powerful way to deepen our connection to the spiritual world.

Click here to learn more about the mythological connection between shamanism and the Moon.

Healing Ancestral Trauma

Healing Ancestral Trauma is an important aspect of shamanic practice as it can affect an individual in their daily life. Ancestral trauma is the emotional pain and wounds passed down through generations that can manifest in physical, mental, emotional, or spiritual imbalances.

To heal ancestral trauma, it is important to identify and acknowledge the trauma. This can be done through various shamanic techniques such as journeying, meditation, or prayer. Once the trauma is identified, it can be released through ancestral healing work.

Ancestral healing work involves communicating with ancestors and seeking their guidance and support. This can be done through connecting with ancestral spirits, using ritual or ceremony, or working with a shaman or other spiritual healer.

During ancestral healing work, it is important to set clear intentions and create a safe and sacred space. This can be done through smudging with sage, lighting candles or incense, or calling in the directions and elements.

Ancestral healing work can take many forms, including:

– Ancestral lineage healing, where the healing is focused on specific ancestors and their lineage
– Ancestral forgiveness work, where individuals work to release any resentment or unforgiveness towards their ancestors
– Ancestral soul retrieval, where individuals connect with lost or fragmented parts of their ancestral lineage

It is important to approach ancestral healing work with respect and humility, recognizing that it is a powerful and transformative process. By healing ancestral trauma, individuals can break free from negative patterns and create a more positive and fulfilling life for themselves and future generations.

Key Takeaways:

• Ancestral trauma is emotional pain passed down through generations
• Healing ancestral trauma requires identifying and acknowledging the trauma, and seeking guidance and support from ancestors
• Ancestral healing work can take many forms, including ancestral lineage healing, ancestral forgiveness work, and ancestral soul retrieval
• Approach ancestral healing work with respect and humility, recognizing its power and transformative potential

Honoring Ancestors in Ceremony

Honoring Ancestors in Ceremony is an important aspect of Shamanic Mythology. This ceremony allows individuals to show respect and appreciation for their ancestors who have passed away. The ceremony can vary depending on cultural and personal beliefs, but the underlying principle remains the same – to acknowledge and celebrate the wisdom and guidance passed down by our forefathers.

The Importance of Honoring Ancestors

In many cultures, ancestors are viewed as spiritual beings who continue to exist after death. They are considered to be powerful guides and protectors who can offer help and guidance in times of need. Honoring them in a ceremony is seen as a way of showing gratitude for the help and support they offer.

Preparation for the Ceremony

Before conducting a ceremony to honor ancestors, it is important to prepare the space. Cleanse the area with sage or other herbs. Set up an altar with items that represent your ancestors such as their pictures, objects that they owned or loved, and offerings such as food, flowers, or tobacco.

The Ceremony

The ceremony to honor ancestors can vary depending on the culture and personal beliefs. It can include chanting, singing, dancing, or drumming. A common practice is to light candles or burn incense to call upon the spirit of the ancestors. Offerings are then made on the altar, as a symbol of respect and appreciation.

Connecting with Ancestors

During the ceremony, it is believed that the spirit of the ancestors is present. It is therefore important to connect with them through meditation or prayer. This will allow for a stronger relationship to develop and for guidance and support to be received.

Continued Practice

Honoring Ancestors in Ceremony can be a powerful experience that can bring about profound transformation. It is important to continue the practice regularly to maintain the connection with ancestors while strengthening the bond between the living and the dead. Honoring our ancestors can help us spiritually and emotionally, and keep us connected to our roots and history.

Honoring Ancestors in Ceremony is an important element of Shamanic Mythology that individuals should consider embracing. It provides individuals with the opportunity to acknowledge the guidance of their ancestors, to honor their lives, and to ensure that their legacy lives on.

Seeking Ancestral Wisdom

Seeking Ancestral Wisdom is a crucial aspect of shamanic practice. It involves connecting with the wisdom and knowledge passed down by our ancestors and utilizing it to gain understanding and insight into our lives. Here are a few ways to seek ancestral wisdom:

These are just a few ways to seek ancestral wisdom in shamanic practice. Remember, the key to connecting with your ancestors is setting the intention and being open to receiving their guidance in whatever form it may come. By honoring and seeking the wisdom of our ancestors, we can gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and our place in the world.

Conclusion

After exploring the role of ancestors in shamanic mythology, it is clear that they hold a significant place in shamanic practice. Ancestors are seen as guardians, guides, and healing spirits. They hold ancestral wisdom and can offer valuable insights into the past, present, and future. Connecting with ancestors can be a powerful tool for personal growth and spiritual transformation.

To connect with ancestors, it is necessary to set the intention, create sacred space, and invite them in. Listening to their guidance can offer a deeper understanding of oneself and the world around us. Working with ancestors in shamanic practice can entail healing ancestral trauma, honoring ancestors in ceremony, and seeking ancestral wisdom.

It is important to approach ancestral work with respect and a deep understanding of its significance. Ancestors are not to be taken lightly, and the work involved in connecting with them should be approached with reverence and care.

In conclusion, ancestral work is a valuable tool in shamanic practice that can offer healing, wisdom, and guidance. By connecting with our ancestors, we can tap into the wealth of knowledge and experience that they hold, and further our own personal growth and spiritual development.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is shamanism?

Shamanism is a spiritual practice that involves seeking wisdom and healing from various spirits, ancestors, and other non-physical entities through altered states of consciousness.

What are ancestors in shamanic mythology?

In shamanic mythology, ancestors are spirits of deceased individuals who are believed to have important knowledge, guidance, and power that can be accessed through shamanic practices.

What role do ancestors play in shamanic practice?

Ancestors play a crucial role in shamanic practice as they are believed to possess valuable knowledge, guidance, and power that can be invoked and utilized for personal and collective healing, transformation, and growth.

How do ancestors serve as guardians and gatekeepers?

Ancestors serve as guardians and gatekeepers by protecting and regulating access to the spiritual realms where shamanic practices take place. They can help practitioners navigate these realms safely and effectively.

What is the significance of ancestors as wisdom keepers and guides?

As wisdom keepers and guides, ancestors offer valuable insight, knowledge, and wisdom that can be applied to personal growth and development.

What is the role of ancestors in healing and transformational work?

Ancestors can provide healing and transformational energy and support through their accumulated wisdom, guidance, and spiritual power. They can help practitioners identify and heal patterns of blocked energy or trauma that may be holding them back.

Why is it important to connect with your ancestors?

Connecting with your ancestors can deepen your sense of personal and collective identity, provide guidance and support in times of need, and offer access to valuable spiritual resources that can aid in personal growth and healing.

What are some ways to connect with your ancestors?

Practices like meditation, shamanic journeying, and ancestor altar creation can help you connect with and honor your ancestors. Engaging in physical activities that connect you to your lineage and family traditions can also be helpful.

How can you work with your ancestors in shamanic practice?

You can work with your ancestors in shamanic practice by invoking their guidance and wisdom during shamanic journeying, participating in ancestor honoring ceremonies, and seeking their support in healing and transformational work.

What are some benefits of working with ancestors in shamanic practice?

Working with ancestors in shamanic practice can enhance personal growth and development by offering valuable guidance, support, and healing energy. It can also deepen your sense of connection to your lineage and cultural heritage.

References

• Shamans as Interpreters of Religious Tradition
• Shamanism as the Ultimate Reality and Meaning of …
• VISITING DEAD ANCESTORS: SHAMANS AS …